How are oxygen and other nutrients transferred to the developing fetus?

Oxygen and other essential nutrients are transferred to the developing fetus primarily through the umbilical vein. This is crucial for fetal development, as the fetus relies on maternal blood supply for these vital resources. The umbilical vein carries oxygen-rich, nutrient-laden blood from the placenta directly to the fetus.

As the placenta develops, it plays a critical role in facilitating the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus. The mother’s blood provides oxygen and nutrients, which diffuse across the placental barrier into the fetal circulation via the umbilical vein. This allows the fetus to grow and develop effectively in the womb, indicating the significance of this structure in fetal health and development.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the primary physiological mechanism for nutrient and oxygen transfer to the fetus.