JBL Obstetrics and Pediatrics Practice Test

The presentation of respiratory distress accompanied by wheezing, hives, and facial edema is characteristic of an allergic reaction, particularly an anaphylactic reaction. In such cases, the immune system overreacts to a perceived threat, such as a food allergen, medication, or insect sting, resulting in a cascade of symptoms. The release of histamines and other mediators from mast cells leads to bronchoconstriction (causing wheezing), increased vascular permeability (leading to hives and swelling), and potential airway obstruction.

Understanding the signs of an allergic reaction is crucial for prompt treatment, which often involves administering epinephrine to counteract the severe symptoms and prevent complications like airway closure. Other choices such as heat illness, acute asthma attack, or poison oak exposure do not typically present with this combination of symptoms, particularly the facial edema and hives, which strongly point towards an immunological response.